4.0 Kajian KepustakaanIndustri auto

4.0 Kajian Kepustakaan
Industri automotif di Malaysia merupakan industri yang semakin berkembang pesat dewasa ini. Selari dengan perkembangan yang sihat ini pertambahan jumlah kenderaan semakin bertambah dari hari ke sehari sesuai dengan laporan oleh OICA (2012). Untuk memenuhi kadar peningkat pengeluaran kenderaan ini, maka sejumlah pekerja yang ramai diperlukan. Menurut data yang dikeluarkan oleh Persatuan Automotif Malaysia (MAA), pada tahun 2014 mereka mensasarkan pengeluaran sehingga 680 000 buah kenderaan berbanding 655 793 buah kenderaan pada tahun 2013. Melalui peningkatan jumlah ini bermakna produktiviti mesti selari dengan pengeluaran. Kerja-kerja pemasangan secara manual memerlukan pemerhatian manusia dalam melaksanakannya. Kerja-kerja secara manual yang rumit memerlukan pertimbangan akal dan fikiran oleh manusia.
Maka faktor-faktor yang mendorong manusia menjalankan kerja dengan teliti dan produktif adalah bergantung kepada keadaan persekitaran kerja yang baik. Faktor-faktor persekitaran yang terlibat dengan kesan kadar peningkatan produktiviti ialah seperti kesan suhu, pencahayaan, kadar kelembapan dipersekitaran kawasan kerja ruang pengeluaran produk automotif tersebut. Semakin selesa persekitaran bermakna semakin baik kualiti pengeluaran. Kajian yang telah dijalankan oleh (Ahmad Rasdan Ismail et al.2012) mendedahkan bukti itu dari beberapa kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor persekitaran yang baik dan berterusan mempertingkatkan pekerja prestasi dan meningkatkan produktiviti. Selain daripada itu faktor-faktor lain yang menyumbang kepada ketidakselesaan ialah emosi pekerja. Emosi yang terganggu juga akan mengakibatkan kerja-kerja terganggu. Menurut (Shavita Dankar, 2015) terdapat perkaitan antara emosi antara dan produktiviti pekerja. Ketidakpuasan hati dikalangan pekerja terhadap pihak pengurusan juga kadangkala memberi kesan kepada gangguan emosi ketika bekerja (Hong et. al., 2009).
Merujuk kepada Adrian-Constantin Achim (2014), ergonomik ditakrifkan sebagai mempertimbangkan keadaan persekitaran dan kekangan pada sesebuah organisasi dengan menggunakan pengetahuan berkenaan had dan keupayaan manusia. . Tujuan ergonomik ialah mereka bentuk operasi, alatan, sistem teknikal dan tugasan bagi mempertingkatkan keselamatan manusia, kesihatan dan tugasan, keselesaan dan pelaksanaan (Dul & Weerdmeester 2008). Manakala telah dinyatakan oleh (A.R Ismail et al. 2010) pendekatan ergonomik ialah mereka bentuk satu stesen kerja perindustrian cuba untuk mencapai satu imbangan yang sesuai antara keupayaan pekerja dan keperluan kerja yang optimum, produktiviti pekerja dan cara penuh serta menyediakan pekerja kesejahteraan fizikal dan mental, kepuasan kerja dan keselamatan.

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4.0 Research CollectionThe automotive industry in Malaysia is increasingly booming industry nowadays. In line with this healthy development increase in number of vehicles is increasing day by day in accordance with a report by OICA (2012). To meet vehicle production Enhancer the rate, then the number of workers needed. According to data issued by the Malaysian automotive Association (MAA), in 2014 they targeting production of up to 680 000 vehicles compared with 655 793 vehicles in 2013. Through the increasing number of this means productivity must be in line with the production. Installation manual requires the observation of humans in achieving it. Manual work is complicated requires consideration of unsound mind and the mind of man. Then the factors which motivate humans to carry out work carefully and productively is dependent on the environmental conditions of our good work. Environmental factors affected by the impact of the rate of increase of productivity is like the effects of temperature, humidity, lighting the confines of work area of the automotive production space. Increasingly, comfortable environment means improved quality of production. The study was carried out by (Ahmad Rasdan Ismail et al. 2012) reveal the evidence from several studies indicate that environmental factors are good and continuously improving employee performance and increase productivity. In addition to other factors that contributed to the discomfort is emotional employee. Emotionally disturbed will also result in the work interrupted. According to (Shavita Dankar, 2015) there is an association between emotional between and worker productivity. Discontent among workers against management also sometimes affect the emotional distractions while working (Hong et. Al., 2009). Refer to Adrian-Constantin Achim (2014), ergonomics is defined as considering environmental conditions and constraints on an organization by using knowledge of human capabilities and limitations regarding. . The purpose of ergonomics is designing operations, tools, technical systems and the assignment to enhance human security, health and assignments, comfort and implementation (Dul & Weerdmeester 2008). While it has been stated by (A. R Ismail et al. 2010) ergonomic approach is designing an industrial workstation tries to achieve a suitable balance between the ability of employees and optimal work requirements, worker productivity and the way full and providing physical and mental well-being of employees, job satisfaction and security.

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4.0 Literature Review
The automotive industry in Malaysia is an industry that is growing rapidly these days. In line with this healthy growth in the number of vehicles is increasing from day to day according to a report by OICA (2012). To meet the increase production of these vehicles, the number of public employees needed. According to data released by the Malaysian Automotive Association (MAA), in 2014 they are aiming for production of up to 680,000 vehicles compared to 655,793 vehicles in 2013. Through this significant increase in the number of productivity must be in line with production. Installation manual requires human observation in implementing it. Manual work that requires complex judgments by human intellect and the mind.
And the factors that encourage people to carry on working closely and productively is dependent on good working conditions. Environmental factors involved in the effects of the increase in productivity is like the effect of temperature, light, humidity Morfologi work area is a production of automotive products. The more relaxed environment means improving the quality of production. Studies conducted by (Ahmad Rasdan Ismail et al.2012) revealed evidence of several studies suggest that environmental factors are good and continuously improve employee performance and increase productivity. In addition to other factors that contribute to emotional discomfort is a worker. Emotionally disturbed will also lead to work uninterrupted. According to (Shavita Danke, 2015) there is a link between emotional and employee productivity. Dissatisfaction among workers against the management also sometimes affect the emotional disturbances when working (Hong et. Al., 2009).
Referring to Adrian-Constantin Achim (2014), ergonomics is defined as the state of the environment and constraints on an organization by using knowledge respect human limitations and capabilities. , The goal is to design ergonomic operations, tools, technical systems and tasks to improve human safety, health and jobs, comfort and performance (Dul & Weerdmeester 2008). Whereas been expressed by (AR Ismail et al., 2010) approach to ergonomics is to design a workstation industrial trying to achieve an appropriate balance between the ability of workers and the needs of optimum employee productivity and full way and provide workers physical and mental wellbeing, job satisfaction and safety.